x86 install handbook: wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/handbook:x86
alternative install: wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/installation_alternatives
download: distfiles.gentoo.org/releases/x86/autobuilds/current-install-x86-minimal
sysresccd: sysresccd.org
i'll quickly run through the various handbook sections, and how i adapted those.
install media
gentoo suggests install from bootcd, and also offers many alternatives. i'm most impressed by the wildly flexible options available, and documented!
i have a sysresccd usb bootable. so i skip the download/create bootcd.
sysresccd startx, networkmanager, midori.. open new tabs with this page and gentoo handbook. keep them handy during the installation.
partitions
i don't usually use swap. anything that is a memory hogger is either tolerated, or purged off asap. i'm always looking for smaller applications to replace whatever i currently use. any more features than i use is bloatware.
i used to have /tmp on a dedicated partition. now i just use tmpfs, or a raw file if need be.
i have a large btrfs data partition, and i wanted to add another subvolume for gentoo. but i had second thoughts, as this was to be my first time with gentoo, and i didn't want accidents with existing data.
i created another btrfs partition, with two subvolumes - @gentoo32 and @home. if this works and is stable, i can send these subvolumes to my main btrfs partition.
sysresccd has /mnt/gentoo. if not, we create that directory for our gentoo root.
# mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/ # mount -L gentoo -o subvol=@gentoo32 /mnt/gentoo
gentoo stage3
$ date
now we are ready for gentoo stage3, which we download from the above link, verify, and extract.
# sha512sum -c stage3-*.tar.bz2.DIGESTS # tar --numeric-owner --xattrs -xvapf stage3-*.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/gentoo
filesystems
physical filesystems
# mount -L gentoo -o subvol=@home /mnt/gentoo/home
psuedo filesytems
# mount -o bind /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc # mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys # mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/sys # mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev # mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/dev
gentoo handbook says "
--make-rslave operations are needed for systemd support later". if so, we probably don't need these.on non-gentoo install media, check
/dev/shm and /run/shm$ ls -lhid /dev/shm /run/shm $ mount | grep shm
links outside chroot become invalid. making /dev/shm/ a proper tmpfs mount can fix this.# rm /dev/shm && mkdir /dev/shm # mount -t tmpfs -o nosuid,nodev,noexec shm /dev/shm # chmod 1777 /dev/shm # mount --rbind /run/shm /mnt/gentoo/run/shm
# cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/
enter the chroot
# chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash # source /etc/profile # export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"
i prefer busybox vi
# ln -s /bin/busybox /usr/local/bin/vi
portage
http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Working/Portage
# mirrorselect -i -o >>/etc/portage/make.conf
# vi /etc/portage/make.confref:
make.conf.example / gentoo wikiCFLAGS
CFLAGS="-march=native -O2 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"MAKEOPTS
MAKEOPTS="-j2"
install portage snapshot
# emerge-webrsync
/usr/portage is created on first run. ignore those errors.
sync is not necessary, as portage is not updated more than once a day.
# emerge --sync --quiet --verbose
--quiet is faster, and quieter ;)--verbose tells you what is happeningin this case, use both together ;) as they mean different things in gentoo
always keep up with the news
$ man news.eselect $ eselect news list $ eselect news read [number]
profiles
# eselect profile list Available profile symlink targets: [1] default/linux/x86/13.0 * [2] default/linux/x86/13.0/desktop [3] default/linux/x86/13.0/desktop/gnome [4] default/linux/x86/13.0/desktop/kde
do yourself a favour, and select [1] the default.
i thought i was smart, and chose [2] desktop, which changed subsequently on it's own, due to something i changed somewhere else. i ended up with quite a lot of bloatware, which in itself is not so much a problem, if i didn't have to wait around half the day for all that lot to be compiled all over again :/ and then i had another issue wondering how to get rid of all that extra bloat.
# eselect profile set 1
keep checking your profile occassionally!
USE
this is the bit which gave me the most headache.. even changing my profile without me knowing about it. choose wisely!
full description of available
use flags$ less /usr/portage/profiles/use.deschttp://gentoo.org/support/use-flags
currently active
use flags are a combination of your profile and configured flags in make.conf$ emerge --info | grep ^USE
$ grep USE /etc/portage/make.conf
keep it default or ignore, till you understand a bit more..
USE=""
USE="-debug -gnome -systemd "
once you understand it, ignore defaults and manage it specifically. but not yet!
USE="-* unicode"
systemd
http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Gentoo_Without_systemd
"Masking udev will not result in a broken system; Portage is smart enough to automatically replace udev by sys-fs/eudev: the systemd-free fork of udev."
i don't want systemd. so i do both.
block:
vi /etc/portage/make.conf USE="-systemd"
mask:
vi /etc/portage/package.mask/systemd sys-apps/systemd sys-fs/udev
timezone
$ ls /usr/share/zoneinfo # echo "Europe/London" >/etc/timezone # emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data
i prefer
# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/London /etc/localtime
locales
vi /etc/locale.gen en_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8
you can have more than one locales. each on separate lines. ensure at least one is utf-8.
# locale-gen
# locale -a
# eselect locale list
# eselect locale set {number}$ cat /etc/env.d/02locale
reload environment, after any changes
$ env-update && source /etc/profile
kernel
no kernel is installed by default. make and install your own kernel.
ref: gentoo kernel compile
fstab
# vi /etc/fstab
networking
we will use gentoo netifrc method
# emerge --search netifrc
identify network interface, and autostart after boot.
ip link
# ln -s /etc/init.d/net.{lo,eth0}# rc-update add net.eth0 default
busybox/udhcpc will be used automatically.
# vi /etc/conf.d/hostname
hostname="{localhostname}"# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhostname.local.domain.name localhost
root passwd
# passwd
init/boot conf
# vi /etc/rc.conf
# vi /etc/conf.d/keymaps
misc
# emerge --ask sys-fs/btrfs-progs
# rc-update add sshd default
bootloader
whew! final stage.. before you can reboot.. into your shiny new gentoo :)
lilo or syslinux or grub2.. ordered by bloatware factor exponentially!
lilo is the most efficient, but doesn't understand btrfs :(
# emerge --ask sys-boot/lilo # vi /etc/lilo.conf # /sbin/lilo
extlinux is my preferred choice, but doesn't understand btrfs subvolumes/compression :(
# emerge --ask sys-boot/syslinux # mkdir /boot/extlinux # extlinux --install /boot/extlinux # ln -snf . /boot/boot
# cd /usr/share/syslinux # cp menu.c32 memdisk libcom32.c32 libutil.c32 /boot/extlinux/i prefer
ln -s, as it keeps up with any system updates.# ln-s /usr/share/syslinux/{menu.c32,memdisk,libcom32.c32,libutil.c32} /boot/extlinux/# vi /boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf
note: extlinux expects /boot on the root subvolume.
# mount -o bind /@gentoo32/boot /boot
grub2 is the biggest & most complicated beast.. my last preference. if you ever need to troubleshoot, you'll cry.. :'(
# emerge --ask sys-boot/grub
# grub2-install /dev/{partition}
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfgthe end
you could just ctrl+alt+del. a stable system would sync to disk, umount all filesystems, before calling reboot.
or be safe..
exit chroot
# exit
unmount and reboot..
# cd
# umount -l /mnt/gentoo/dev{/shm,/pts,}
# umount /mnt/gentoo{/boot,/sys,/proc,}
# rebootupdate: i successfully managed to prune this install path quite significantly. see my latest post: gentoo second install x86 btrfs debian
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